Even Elephants Can Dance

My friend Zakir Thomas is a revenue service officer; but he is more comfortable in developmental work than being an enforcement officer. At present he is the project director for Open Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) a unique initiative by Centre for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and is personally mentored by its DG, Dr. Samir Brahmachari.

Though concept of Opens Source development has been in practice for a long time (though not in this name), it has become quite popular with the advent of internet, more so with the availability of collaboration tools (now referred to as web 2.0) which has enabled communities across the globe to work on solutions to complex problems.

Internet itself is product of such collaboration and Linux, the Operating System, is one of the most known open sources software. There are hundreds and thousands of such initiatives out there today in a variety of fields. Sequencing of human genome can be seen outcome of such a participative effort. However, in fields like Pharma where the cost of research, testing and regulatory approval can be phenomenal, collaboration is considered suicidal. On account of such high cost Pharma companies have least interest in working on development of drugs for ailments which particularly affect the poor (TB, Malaria etc) or which affect few people are very limited. They are keener on development of drugs for lifestyle ailments like Blood Pressure and Coronary Diseases

It is in this area the model of open source development is attempting to play a role. Today there are only few such initiatives in the world like Tropical Drug Initiative (Participants from University of California Berkeley, Dukes University, University of Sydney), Institute of One World Health, TB Alliance etc.

OSDD initiated by CSIR is an initiative attempting to provide affordable health care to the developing world, presently focusing on development of drug for TB which today kills two people every three minutes in India. OSDD has taken of well with participation from about 4500 scientists/ students from 130 countries. It has completed mapping of TB bacteria genome a record time. It already has two molecules for TB in the pipeline. CSIR hopes that they will be able to bring out at least one drug for TB in the near future.

I asked Zac what has made this possible. “A few People with commitment and Tools that made collaboration possible” he replied. He introduced me to two fellow scientists who were with him then who is working from Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology(IGIB). Sridher Sivasubbu is a PhD in fish genetics and Vinod Scaria a medical doctor who is equally comfortable with computers. Both of them are young and highly qualified to have picked up high paying jobs in private sector in India or abroad. But they have decided to dedicate at least few years of their life to this initiative. Their energy level, enthusiasm and commitment for bringing multidisciplinary skills through collaboration to develop better drug for TB is awe-inspiring.

There are more of such dedicated scientists across the labs who share this passion. Zac suggested that I read the book “Geek Nation” by Angela Saini in which she has dedicated an entire chapter (titled The impossible drug) on this collaborative effort of a number of committed professionals from multiple labs across India to find a cure for TB. (This book is worth reading as it gives an interesting perspective on the dream, hope and possibility of India becoming a scientific super power).

What OSDD has done is to make the platform available to for these professionals to collaborate among each other and with the best around the world who are willing to join. I hope that OSDD is able to build on this momentum and don’t get ossified to a white elephant when the pioneers move on.

It is a commendable achievement for a government institution to work on such revolutionary models. We see such islands of excellence in many parts of the government. What is unfortunate is that often there is no mechanism to sustain this momentum. When the pioneers move on there is no planned succession. Successors are not selected keeping in mind the requirement of such exceptional institutions; but following a process which is meant to manage routine operations. And that is the tragedy of governance we face often.

Elephants can dance; so long as we play the right music…

"It is the long history of humankind (and animal kind, too) those who learned to collaborate and improvise most effectively have prevailed." - Charles Darwin

Related Readings

Competitive Advantage - A case for blogs and wikis

If wishes were horses

Dare to Differ

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“It is elementary my son” (humour)

One of my friends mailed me this funny story. Once upon a time on a cold wintry morning a sparrow was out from his comfortable nest looking for few morsels to fill his stomach. It was too cold and the wind was so harsh, that the sparrow fell down almost frozen. He was lying there helpless. Then a bull passed by and pooed on him. The hot manure warmed the little sparrow and he felt very comfortable. He was happy and he started to sing. A cat heard the song and it found the sparrow relaxing in the warm poo and it pulled the sparrow out of the poo and ate him up.

There are four morals we learn from this story.

i) Those who shit on you may not be your enemies: In our life and career, there will be many instances when the action of somebody will harm, belittle or demean us. Very often it may not be intentional; but just coincidence or matter of his survival. If we look from the other person’s point of view, there may be extenuating circumstance if not genuine reason. Sometimes it could be their revenge or they could be absolute a--holes. Whatever be the reason we suffer and we feel hurt.


The important thing is that we need to survive this assault, this insult or this harm. If we get caught up in the anger and spent our time in planning for revenge, we waste our time, our effort and our health which otherwise could be channelized for towards more fruitful end.


If we are in a situation where we have to deal with with unadulterated a—holes, it is better to kick them out or get out from such a place. (The book “No Asshole Rule” by Robert I. Sutton makes an interesting reading on this topic)


On the other hand, if we hurt somebody (specially their ego) we need to keep in mind that most humans love to get back and take revenge. If we want to avoid escalation of this conflict, we should either try to patch up or make sure that we are not in the line of fire of they won’t dare to react :-).


ii) Those who take you out of shit may not be your friend. When we are down and out, many of our old friends may not take a second look at us. Then we come across somebody who is keen to deal with us. We feel thankful and obliged. May be they are good Samaritans; maybe they are trying to take advantage of our plight or weakness. Even if it is genuine good will, don’t overstay our welcome; else he may not remain our friend

We need assess the situation dispassionately. The temporary setback should not make us succumb to any deal. The failure or loss in one arena does not diminish our value in all spheres; there is no need to feel defensive and no need to negotiate from an area of weakness. We negotiate based on what we are good at and more so based on our faith in ourselves.


iii) When you are in deep shit, keep your mouth shut: Some of us are very trusting, which is very good if we mix it with prudence. When the chips are against us, we need to be more careful about what we share, what we complain about, what we cry out loud about, or what challenges we broadcast or whom we trust. Discretion becomes all the more critical or else we give us away.

iv) Eventhough it may provdie some comfort shit is still shit:  Very often when we indulge in actions that are illegal, currupt, unfair or unscrupulous we may derive certain money, fame, pleasure and comfort. But if we decide to wallow in this shit, one day it is going to catch up. Remember the big cats know where to look for.
“I consider it a mark of great prudence in a man to abstain from threats or any contemptuous expressions, for neither of these weaken the enemy, but threats make him more cautious, and the other excites his hatred, and a desire to revenge himself” Niccolo Machiavelli

Taming the Corruption Tiger

Corruption (‘private gain at public expense’) has always been a matter of concern for the mankind since time immemorial. Many people love to eliminate this completely; but this is a disease which we may never be able to eradicate totally.

We see wide disparity in the level of corruption across the countries. Transparency international undertakes an annual survey and publishes Corruption Perception Index (CPI) of countries. No single country has ever got the perfect score of 10. Only five countries out of 182 get score above nine, 23 above seven and 47 above 5. India with a score of 3.3 has a rank of 87 which falls in the middle.

One of the interesting revelations of the CPI is the strong correlation between human development, economic progress and CPI. Is it that the economic progress reduces the incentive for corruption or the low corruption facilitates economic progress? It is both. There is a strong mutual dependency between economic progress and CPI. Chile is one of the few countries  that has managed to move from being a developing country to an almost developed country in the last few decades. Chile is also one of the very few developing countries with a high CPI score (7.2) giving it a rank of 21, which a level USA.

Corruption is a part of human nature. What can control it are the mechanisms in place to restrict it. The legal infrastructure and the strength of enforcement determine how easy it is to get away with corruption. (I don’t deny the influence of culture in corruption. But I strongly believe that this culture of corruption is not hardwired into the brain of certain class of people making them more corruption prone. Some people may find it easy in comparison to others to behave with less civic sense and in more socially unacceptable manner. Strong enforcement and an environment that is conducive can limit this cultural bias and bring about better discipline. Denmark today with a CPI score of 9.3 is the world topper. Remember the famous quote from Hamlet "there’s something rotten in the state of Denmark". Another example from home is the extent of cleanliness and efficiency Delhi metro has managed in its trains and stations which is significantly of higher degree compared to any other public utilities)

We in India have been struggling to manage this high level of corruption. The Anti Defection Law and the Right to Information (RTI) Act definitely help in this direction. The Jan Lokpal Bill has been struggling to get acceptance by the parliament for more than four decades (The recent high profile initiative by Anna Hazare of Civil Society was an attempt to force the government to take a definite action on this) We still don’t have a proper whistle blower protection act.

Legal enablement is definitely a necessary requirement; but, it is not a sufficient condition. Strong Judiciary can ensure justice; but, today we have a serious problem of a large number of pending cases blocking the judicial machinery. “Justice thus delayed is Justice denied”. RTI is an excellent tool to bring about transparency. But the resource constraints can prevent this from scaling up.

When we look at the disparity in the level of corruption across countries, the major differentiator is the extent of corruption and inefficiencies in the areas that affect day-to-day life of the citizens, whether it is to get some clearance, approval or certificate or to run their business. Corruption in high places and in areas with high stakes is the most difficult to control anywhere in the world. But if we manage the former, 90% of the irritant value may be removed for the society as a whole. When we take care of this petty corruption, it may also help to bring to open high-end corruption because  the dealing hands have all the incentive to blow whistle as they do not benefit from corruption anymore and thus no more are they partners in crime.

Today the progress in information Technology provides us with significant opportunities to improve governance processes. IT enabled Governance (IteG) can help improve process efficiency, it can help in bringing about better transparency, it can measure performance efficiency and publish the same, it can provide analytical support for risk management, it can reduce leakage and so on which are all elements that can bring about improvement in governance and reduce opportunities for corruption.

It will also help easy outsourcing of service delivery without loss of control enabling government to focus on policy making and policy administration. The income Tax Department’s outsourcing of PAN issuance, the Ministry Company Affairs online initiative and the Ministry of External Affairs initiative of Passport Processing etc are examples of successful implementation of this model. In each of these case we have witnessed significant improvement in turnaround time and elimination of petty corruption.

The IT enabled Governance (ITeG) is still in its early stage. It was not so far away when we could observe the PCs in a typical government department placed at the boss’s cabin with secretary using this as a word processor. Those days are gone. But we still have a long way ahead. Even when a catalytic role is played by some central authorities, it is often limited to budgetary control by purse holders with limited appreciation of the larger role of technology enablement. This is akin to what happens in the corporate sector when the controller (Finance and Administration) is in the driver’s seat as far as computerisation is concerned. What we need is to evolve a nationwide strategy for ITeG and develop a framework for managing ITeG Projects with respect to people, process and technology.


The accomplice to the crime of corruption is frequently our own indifference ~ Bess Myerson

Related reading

Amateur’s tips on e-Governance
Give us the Facts
To be or not to be (Part 1) - The Art of Cooking
The art and ethics of lying - Part II

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Looking for “the One”? A Cynic’s Fantasy

‘Matrix’ is one of my favorite science fiction movies. In this movie, most of the human beings live the life in a virtual reality (the matrix), while their bodies are used as an energy source by the machines that have conquered the earth. A few humans have managed to escape the matrix and build up a resistance movement to break the matrix. The ruling machine class will do everything within their power to suppress this resistance. The movie is about this conflict and confrontation for the right to be free and not be a just a tool for select few!

Sometimes when I look around, I feel that this movie Matrix, to a great extent portrays the real world. The driving force as well as the reason for the existence of ruling class of politicians and business men is Power and Money. The politics mostly focuses on creation of power and the business mostly focuses on creation of riches and they help each other with their specialization and they exchange Power for Money and Money for Power.

They control all the resources. They extract the resources and convert them to products for their comfort or to increase their wealth. The common man treated as nothing but another resource; labor in the production process, the slave at their beck & call and the customer for what they produce which is a way to increase their wealth. They play with their policies so that this large mass of living resource is pacified, subdued and remain docile. The movies, the games, the TV and the religion are all used as means to keep the common man in a state to stupor. Slowly and steadily higher proportion of wealth shifts to this ruling class.

Occasionally we see some making an attempt to better the life of the society at large, to treat common man more fairly, to enable inclusive growth, to stop over exploitation of the earth’s resources, to sustain the environment and to bring about peace and harmony. This initiative is immediately snubbed. Look at some of the recent examples; Anna Hazare and Bhushans of Civil Society, Mr Thomas, former CVC, Mr. G V Ramakrishna and C B Bhave, former chairman of SEBI, Mr Tharoor former Minister, Sanjiv Bhat the IPS officer from Gujarat who has decided to take a position, Sreedharan,cheif of Delhi Metro and a host of not so famous and not so recent examples can be picked from politics, bureaucracy and social service.

Although corruption, fraud, exploitation, murder and terrorism are common currencies used by many (or most?) among ruling classes (both in business and in politics) technical faults, minor errors in judgment and even fabricated stories are blown out of proportion and exploited to suppress those who try to make a difference. I don’t claim these people are completely devoid of any errors. No human beings are. But the difference is that they mostly strive for the good of the society without being driven only by private agenda, their intentions are mostly honorable and they try to do the right thing in their endeavors, .

Unlike in Matrix there is not going to be “the One” with superhuman abilities to save the world. The change can only come from small contribution from each one of us. We need to learn to differentiate between technical faults of those who mean good and shenanigans of those who work to maximize only their private interest. We need to support these few good men instead of indulging in self righteous criticisms about those who try or making excuses for our inaction. We need to support the former, pardon their occasional errors in judgment and support them to go forward and perform. And for this we need to learn few tricks from the ‘bad’. If we don’t learn to do this, there may be no hope in this battle. Take it or leave it…

"What is the reason? Soon the why and the reason are gone and all that matters is the feeling. This is the nature of the universe. We struggle against it, we fight to deny it; but it is of course a lie. Beneath our poised appearance we are completely out of control". Merv the Frenchman in Matrix Reloaded.


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Some Inconvenient Questions

[I am a concerned citizen of the world. I worry about the doom that is projected for this mother earth on account of the irresponsibility of “we the people.” Recently I came across some contrarian thoughts in few books that I read (referred below) which raises some questions on the current popular thinking. I have attempted to draw attention to some highlights. Those interested can read up more.This may be a bit heretical but I believe it is worth being alive to these issues]

In 1798, an Austrian Monk Robert Thomas Malthus, who was also a political economist,  predicted a gloomy future for the mankind because he believed that population would increase at geometric progression and the food supply would grow at arithmetic progression resulting in collapse of the mankind. In 1898 another eminent British scientist, Sir William Crookes, argued that unless nitrogen could be chemically fixed from air by some scientific process, the human race would not be able to feed itself from the land available. They were not being paranoid. Their predications were based on facts, based on scientific estimation of arable land, based on the prevailing productivity of land, based on availability of fertilizer and based on their estimation of population growth. [1]

In the same year (1898) delegates from across the globe gathered in New York for the first international urban planning conference. Their main cause of concern was management of horse manure which had exploded to un-manageable problem in all major cities of the world. In 1894 Times London had predicted that by 1950 every street in the city would be buried nine feet deep in horse manure. Somebody in New York predicted about the same time that by 1930 horse shit would rise to Manhattan’s third-storey windows. All policy efforts to mitigate the problem offered no solutions. Urban planning conference broke up in three days instead of the planned 10 day schedule. [2]

Within 15 years after Sir Crookes made his predication a German Scientist Bosch invented a technology for large scale production of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. Today almost half of the nitrogen in our body would have passed through such a factory. The invention of internal combustion engine was the environmental savior. It managed within two decades to address the problem that was driving nations around the world nuts. They also released significant land for farming which was hitherto being used to feed the horse and other draught animals.[3]

These solutions to the society’s vexing problems were not found by means of depopulation of society or by policy directions that reduced travel and commerce. It came about from human ingenuity and innovation. The internal combustion engines improved mobility, revolutionized travel and agriculture and helped the mother earth to sustain seven billion people without falling into the Malthusian trap.

With the exploding usage of these IC engines, today we are faced with the negative externalities of greenhouse gases (incidentally the methane gas produced by the ruminating animals produce 50% more greenhouse impact than the transport sector!) from this technological magic and we are worried about future of our energy options and global warming. In the same way the urban planning conference on horse manure failed to produce results, the Copenhagen Summit on climatic control was unproductive. The reason was not lack of intention. But because the marginal cost of discipline is much more than the benefit; not just for individuals, but also for countries. Garett Halden has nicely explained this “tragedy of commons”; the problem of free riding.[4]

We have to have innovations to address this. Not just knee-jerk relations based of fads and fashions. The renewable energy sources today have not reached the level of scalability to solve the global energy problem. Many of them, on a total input-output ratio of energy spent and energy output is quite inefficient and often a net consumer of energy. Matt Ridley has pointed out this conundrum with an interesting analysis. “Today about 125 kwh per day is the average energy consumption of a British national. Let us assume that we managed to brig it downto100 kwh which is to be supported with 25% each from nuclear, wind and solar, 5% each from bio-fuel, wood, wave tide and hydro. Then there would be sixty nuclear power stations, wind farms would cover 10% of entire land, solar panels covering an area the size of Lincolnshire, eighteen Greater Londons growing bio-fuels, forty seven new forests growing fast rotation harvested timber, hundreds of miles of wave machines off the coast, huge tidal barrages in the Seven estuary and Strangford Lough and 25 times as many hydro dams in the rivers as there are today’ Still with frequent power cuts.” [5]

We need to incentivize and encourage game-changing innovations and not hope for altruistic actions by individuals and countries represented by their political masters or jump at everything that sound green or organic without analyzing its true cost and benefit. We cannot be carried away by such dreams and take retrograde steps of arresting economic growth that would do injustice to billions of global citizens who hope to share some part of the benefit of human progress, massive drives to bio-fuels that will reduce land under cultivation leading to food shortage or hijack more rain forests. If we take this path the cure we are attempting will end up being a bigger disaster.

“Our dilemma is that we hate change and love it at the same time; what we really want is for things to remain the same but get better.” Sydney J. Harris
Related Reading: Question of Existence
References
[1], [3],[5] The Rational Optimist, Matt Ridley
[2] From Horse Power to Horsepower, Eric Morris
[4] The Corruption Conundrum, V Raghunathan
Super Freakonomics, Steven D levitt & Stephen J Dubner
The Price of Everything, Eduardo Porter

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Give us the Facts

When India got its independence in 1947 as an outcome of partition there was large scale migration across the India-Pakistan borders. From West Pakistan, more than 300,000 refugees (this does not include thousands who moved to Delhi, Mumbai etc.) migrated to eastern Punjab leaving behind about2.7 million hectares and they were looking for land to settle down and farm. As against this, the total land left behind by Muslims who migrated to Pakistan was only 1.9 million hectares. The government had a huge challenge of allocating land to these refugee farmers equitably.

Sardar Tarlok Singh of Indian Civil Service, as the director general of rehabilitation in this region, managed this process with clear and simple guidelines which were enforced pretty well. To address the variation in productivity of land across regions, he defined a ‘standard acre’ which was the area that could yield specified quantity of rice. To address the lesser area available for allotment compared to what was left behind, he introduced a ‘graded cut’. As per this each party received only a specified fraction of the land area left behind by them. This hair cut, administered in a stepped fashion, was lowest for smaller land holding and highest for the highest slab.

The biggest challenge was verifying the authenticity of the claims. He addressed the same through open assemblies of refugees from the same village. False claims were punished by reducing allocation and even imprisonment which were strictly enforced. He was able to make allotment of 250,000 properties within 18 months from March 1948, when he started collecting claim applications. [1] (Compare this with the efficiency of administration of various development schemes run by the government these days even with availability of more people and better technology.)

Thus the most difficult problem of verification of claims was addressed through transparency. Peer verification, social audits and village assemblies were mechanisms used by generations. But as the society got larger, government procedures more complex and often opaque and exception handling ad-hoc, various government approvals, benefits and programs became inefficient and avenues for misappropriation.

Right to Information Act (RTI) is a good beginning. But the resources available for this are so limited that it will be practically impossible to scale up the transparency drive. The resources get clogged in meaningless queries, which often is the intention of those raising the queries. RTI is a good tool to dig deeper; but not a tool that can scale up easily.

To give momentum to the march towards more transparency, we need to have a system in place that continuously publish time series data to be published by various government departments on its expenditures, programs, exceptions, benefits, sanctions and approvals. At present most of the information dissemination by various government departments is nothing more than a public relation exercises. There are certain departments in certain states taking excellent initiatives. But often they remain as individual effort which dies down after the initiator has left or remain as islands of excellence.

What is needed is an institutional framework for publishing granular data in electronic form that can be queried and analyzed. The progress in Information Technology and better connectivity make this eminently possible and affordable. Various agencies can then access this data and make observations and conclusions. Some people may make simple queries for clarifications. Some pope will undertake extensive analysis of the data to identify trends or patterns or to measure efficacy of various schemes. Transparency Portal of Brazil is an excellent example for such an initiative.

This may be inconvenient for many and such people will always try to object and raise excuses. Some try to hide behind so called ‘privacy issues’. I agree privacy is important. But privacy is for private matters. When it comes to most government expenditure and government benefits, the public has the right to know how this has been spent and who the recipients are. Sometimes we hide behind strategic and security concerns. Certain information may have to be always confidential. But some can be released after time delay. We have to be very selective when we classify information on the basis of such consideration and it should not be a means to obfuscate. We should have mechanisms in place that would dispassionately evaluate the sensistivity to classify information as confidential.

This is a trend that we see around the world. An interesting example is how the data relating to government support during the recent financial market crisis in USA has been released. The central bank and industry lobbies resisted tooth and nails releasing this data. In December 2010, Dodd-Frank financial law forced the central bank to release the data relating to trillions of dollars of loans it extended to the various banks under trouble. However, it did not release the details of the loans under the discount window. Supreme Court has now rejected the objection by the banking industry and has forced central bank to release this data also[2].

It makes sense for the government to have a coordinated effort with help of experts to study the functioning of each department and develop an institutional framework and a time bound plan for defining the scope of data release. Let us publish time series data at the most granular level; details of individuals and entities who receive any kind of government patronage, input, aid or subsidies given against the quality and quantity of their output, details of companies found to have been engaged in corrupt practices, details of fund transferred to each department and how it has been spent as so on. Mário Vinícius Claussen Spinelli, Secretary of Corruption Prevention and Strategic Information, Brazilian Office of the Comptroller General has beautifully described the Three Laws of Open Government Data:

• If it can’t be spidered or indexed, it doesn’t exist
• If it isn’t available in open and machine readable format, it can’t engage
• If a legal framework doesn’t allow it to be repurposed, it doesn’t empower


In the beginning there was nothing. God said, "Let there be light!" And there was light. There was still nothing, but you could see it a whole lot better. ~Ellen DeGeneres

[1] India after Gandhi, Ramachandra Guha
[2] Fed To Disclose Discount Window Crisis-Lending Data Thursday


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If wishes were horses…

I recently read an interesting observation about growth prospects for India. During the first millennium AD, and even before, India was an evolved society. It had world class educational institutions (Nalanda, Taxila etc) which attracted students and scholars from around the world; it had world renowned commercial centers which had trade relationships with many continents, and it demonstrated leadership in area of philosophy, mathematics, literature and astronomy. It was the era of knowledge and reasoning.

The second millennium was the era of engineering and industrial revolution which practically bypassed India. The colonial suppression would have definitely contributed to this. But, as per the above article it was also a manifestation of how Indian brain is wired, which makes it more comfortable with knowledge and logic than technology and applied science.

The third millennium again is that of knowledge and learning, which are comfort areas for the Indian brain. In fact the planning commission in early 2000 had set up a task force under the chairmanship of Dy Chairman of Planning Commission to evolve strategies for becoming a knowledge superpower.

I don’t know how correct is this analysis with respect to the competitive edge of Indian society in this knowledge economy. But there can be no argument about the fact the key drivers for today’s growths are information and collaboration. The most important infrastructural requirements for these key drivers are connectivity to link people and capability to use the modern tools that facilitate information flow and collaboration.

Today India is acknowledged as a powerhouse in the area of Information Technology. We are the back end development center for the whole world. Graduates in every field of science, whether it is engineering, physics, chemistry and mathematics appear to be drifting to computer programming and many more into IT Enabled Services.

Therefore, it appears that we have the aptitude, the infrastructure and the human resources necessary in this most important field and we are well poised to build on this. But when we go a little deeper, we see some underlying weaknesses.

A global ICT index called “Connectivity Score Card” based on a Study created by Professor Leonard Waverman, London Business School, and economic consulting firm LECG, commissioned by Nokia Siemens Networks has been tracking the level of sophistication of ICT infrastructure across the world for last few years. It is a broad based matrix taking into account availability of infrastructure and usage & skills in the area of ICT among consumer, business and government sectors. This study has ranked countries which are segregated into two groups called innovation driven and resources driven as per the categorization of world economic forum. The former contains mostly developed economies and latter more of developing economies. India forms a part of the resource driven countries and with a score of 1,82 out of 10 it ranks 21 among 25. The only four countries which have ranks lower than India are Kenya, Nigeria, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Malaysia with a score of 7.14 has the top place among the resources driven economies.

What do we learn from this contradiction? We have outstanding strengths in the field of ICT which is one of the key requirements for a knowledge economy. But, this skills and strengths are concentrated in few Islands of excellence. Therefore, we need to have a focused strategy and attention (a little more than that gets wasted in telecom scams) for wider availability of ICT infrastructure for us to exploit this opportunity. Somebody once asked Dr R A Mashelkar what would be his ultimate wish for India. He had no difficulty in responding quickly. “High quality connectivity to every citizen at affordable cost and skill to use it effortlessly and meaningfully.” Then, as Mat Ridley would say, ideas will have more sex and multiply.

The number one benefit of information technology is that it empowers people to do what they want to do. It lets people be creative. It lets people be productive. It lets people learn things they didn't think they could learn before, and so in a sense it is all about potential. Steve Ballmer


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